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Unit 22.1 Theroy Signal Camera
Cracker (UK TV Series) The Mad Woman in the Attic Part 1

Main Character is Fritz he is a antihero, you can like him and hate him. He has his falls e.g. He drinks, smoke, gamble and sometimes his marries goes bad, when she leaves him, as she wants him stop gambling and Fritz starts to have affair. He is a psychologist and he works with the police to catch the criminal by analyzing who could done it, the motive and to try to get into their mind to crack them, to confess the crime.

Dark Crime Drama show realistleam of the crime and the criminal, which you do dislike them at the start, but as the audience we try to order under why they did it. The series has humor as Fritz tries to make a joke and to make the criminal to feel relax also to understand them.

The story/case come by a two or a three parter. The audience is Adult because of the violence, the blood, the crime scene, the language and sexual themes.

Watched the 1st episode, part 1 of The Mad Women in the Attic:

At the start of opening credits we hear music of Piano Jazz music and a gambling horse race then we hear Fritz's voice saying 'Come on'. A close up of Fritz with the phone hearing the race, camera zooms out to see Fritz's face. This tells us that he gambles and he has lost his money. Then Camera follows Fritz to his lecture, giving a lecture to students. Fritz throws books in the air towards the students, the camera hand-held follows the thrown books, Fritz shouts out the names of the books. Camera still and still focus on Fritz saying 'End of lecture' then he moves out of the frame, camera still at potiontion, Fritz comes back into the frame. Sound of the students talking and coughing, not understanding what it all means.

Then it cutaways to the next part of the story, which is a fast moving train, the sound of the train is loud. Editing then it cuts inside of the train, as we see the ticket inspector working throw the train carriage then camera moves slowly down to a low angle seeing his feet and empty cups, which shows it's a dirty/dump train shows it's grittiness of a crime drama and shows the city being bleak. Camera seeing his feet pointing at a compartment, then a quick shot a face of a young woman who is dead with blood all over. There is tense music at the background. A cutaway shot of the train moving fast, which then cuts back to Fritz lecture. He tells the students to look inside of themselves, to know who really they are, to know their dark side, once they done that, then they know what other people are like. Fritz character is off the wall by throwing those books, his intriguing to us as audience. Then it goes cuts back to the train and the landscape. The police arrives to the train and the crime scene as the camera focus on a new character who is D.C.I Billborough and camera follows him going in the train, and you know he is in charge, saying to the train passages to calm down and still back into their sits. The he is at the crime scene seeing the dead body being a mess.

After that it goes back Fritz seeing more of his character and knowing him in the pub on a gambling machine, the person behind him wants to have a go, he goes off and says his breath a swear word at that person, annoyed by losing his money from gambling. Then he is in a Taxi and smokes, there is a sign of no smoking and Taxi driver gets annoyed with him. To people around him, he is not a likeable person.

Camera follows him to his house and asks money off his son and daughter, to pay for the taxi fare. This shows he is not good with money and keeps losing it from gambling. Camera panes Fritz still following him. His wife comes in and sees him drinking and says 'We are going out, sobal' this also tells us he drinks too much. It cuts to the next scene in a Jazz club of a woman singing a sad, blues song, Fritz loves this kind of music and it also gives the feel of a gritty crime drama by the music e.g. from the 30s and 50s kind of dective music. The song still playing in the next shot of the police going to the victim's parents, the song gives the mood of a sad and dark scene, and then it cuts back to the club of the singer and fritz. It keeps cutting back to the police and the parents in the car in night time. The lighting is gritty, grey, dark and sometimes shadows giving the feel of a bleak and dark story.

The script of the dialogue is punchy, dark, cashier and taking quotes from classic films of noir and gangsters. The characters are sarcastic to one another. This is high drama, emotional to Fritz, his family, the police and even the crimails. During the series it shows the dark side of all the characters, saying they are not all nice people. In the ending of the stories Fritz always confront the criminal.

In this episode it keeps cutting to Fritz and the police giving two different points of views and stories, which will have them both, clash together later on. The blues song stops when the victim's parents close the door seeing their dead daughter by identity her. Cuts back to the jazz club seeing Fritz drunk and arguing with his friends, he doesn't pay the bill as he has no money. This shows that he is lye and a hypocrite from his friends at the jazz club. Goes back to the house, the wife is angry and leaves him with his daughter. Shows his faults and failures. Fritz is not a good sample in front of his son and daughter, not a good sample of a father. In the morning we get to know more about the crime by the TV and Fritz's point of view looking at the newspaper. Fritz in the toilet crying, but we don't know if he is crying of his wife leaving him or the victim on the newspaper. The newspapers and TV gives us information saying second victim on trains, which means it's a serial killer. The story and the mystery build up by the crime and Fritz might have some connection.

Fritz gets drawn in the case as he knows the dead girl who uses to be a client to him and wants to catch who did it.

Story builds up finding a man on the train track and the police think he killed the girl. The man also loses his memory of what happened and doesn't know who he is. The police thinking he is pretending to get it easy from the trial, the senates or trying to get in hospital care.

Next scene to Fritz office playing a tape of a piano playing jazz music. Fritz is thinking and distracted from his patience. The Victim's parents want him to work with the police and the case. Finally Fritz and D.C.I Billborough have met, Fritz offers his help to them, but the police think they don't need his help and can do it by themselves.

The D.C.I and the other policeman interviews the circuit man and trying to break him to confess but he doesn't. The next scene it shows the police searching on the train for the weapon trying to get evidence on the circuit man. At last result they turn to Fritz to crack him and to confess.

Fritz confronts the circuit man and introduces him and trying to be his friend. Then he goes through a memorial questionnaire and the man answers them all wrong. Fritz saying it’s impossible to get all the questions wrong as there are some things you can remember. Fritz walks around him to be treating and powerful and to be tall; he goes through the crime and sums what he thinks happened. Fritz is describing everything about the victim and trying to get into his mind. He analyses him and the motive. But he denies it that it was him and saying that Fritz is sick.

Next scene Fritz is watching a playback video of the victim and him together, then a shot to a close up of his face to see his emotion and cared about her as a friend. Then a cutaway to the return of him interviewing the circuit man and putting photos of the dead body on the table, to get guilt from him and to confess. During putting photos down he gives a word to him and he has to answer it from his head, like playing a game and drive him mad to confess. Fritz is says it's better to confess for the parents to relive their minds from this terrible crime of their daughter’s death, again trying to make him guilty. The last line Fritz says to him is 'Please, Please', begging him to confess for the parents and it ends there with the credits and the Blues song again from the start, leaving it an open for part 2.

The editing is fast pase, moves swiftly of camera shots.

Each episode is about 50 minutes long.


The Sopranos (USA TV Series) Season 1 Episode 2: 46 Long

The main character is Tony Soprano who is New Jersey mob boss, as we see him at work with his mob family, at home with his real family and in therapy talking about all his problems at home and work. There is many other characters around Tony's life, but it's first person mainly, as in the episodes there are intimate conversations of Tony and his Psychotherapist, talking about his life.  

There are elements of black comedy and extreme violence, which is the gangster way (Wack him!). Music plays a key part in the series as it has been inspired by Martin Scorsese use of music in his films e.g. pop, to classic rock, jazz and soul as the music presents the characters and what they are like and that time what they are feeling.
The opening of the credits is Tony driving New York to New Jersey, camera shots seeing the icoinc places of New York and New Jersey and a song called 'Wake up this morning' fits and describes the character of Tony.
At the start of the episode we have Tony and his mob men counting the money on the table and watching the News of the TV about the Mob and the crime they do. Camera individly going through each characters point of view shots, over the shoulder and a close-up shot. The characters taking the mick on the TV of the people and joking about it. Then the Camera Pannes of Tony going throught the door of the lap dancer's club to the phone. The lighting at Tony's house is natuarl and bright showing it's a family, coshie and big house. At Tony's busiense and lap dancers club it's dark lighting of the mob crime and setting of the club.
Scripting: Black humour, street wise gangster talk/slang, Italine Mob slang. During the seires the characters of the mob take the mick out of each other and sometimes stab his others back for money and hate and revenge.
In the scene where Tony is on the phone of his Mother and then her kitchen is on fire which addes the comedy effect has the Mother is panicing and don't know what to do and Tony telling her what to do by calling 991, having trouble of doing it. This is the first story.
Next scene of Tony's newphere Chris, and his men stealing vabloues of DVD players from a truck, the truck driver gets beaten up as this shows that they are not nice people and thats the gangster way also they did it because they think there is no one to stop them. This is the second story.
It cuts away to Tony's house and his family, the son's teacher's car has been stolen and the mother thinks it terrible and wants Tony to do something about it this the third story. Tony then sends of his two friends Pussy and Paulie to investgate like 'The Rockfield Files' which Pussy says this but also this is funny because the creater of the show use to write for The Rockfield Files.
Tony wants to put his Mother in a Home, as he thinks she can't cope with herself alone at her house and she will be a lot safe being in care. Mother doesn't want to go home and thinks that Tony wants to get rid of her.
Tony can't cope with all these problems and troubles with Family and work so he turns to his Psychotherapist to talk about it and ask for advise and to understand more better what he should do and makes him feel better. During the episode keeps cutting of Tony talking to his Psychotherapist about the day he had with his Mother. Tony saying how a good Mother she has been e.g. putting the food on the table. Then it cuts to him going to his Mother's house with flowers to make her feel better, but the Mother being unreasable and being hard on Tony, he gets annoyed and cope hearing her monning about everything. The next he talks to his Ungle Junior who is also a Mob boss and he is annoyed with Tony's newphere Chris stealing them DVD Players as people who own them are friends and pays them, so he wants to pay back the money or be puinshed, so the story builds up from stealing them DVD players.
There is no real story in this episode, has it is more realistic as it is to do with life and of one person Tony dealing with his problems and troubles in his life of family and buisense and he can't cope with it as he is like a volocane about to arupte. It's different problems and characters around Tony's life. There is mix stories in each episode. Normal life glides to his organzine crime busiense. In the series it's about loyatel, untrust, all about family blood.
Later on Pussy and Paulie finds the thevies who stolen the teacher's car and find it ruined so they fix the car spotlise. Next Scene is when the Mother hits her friend with the car, this adds humour and cuts to Tony's theropy anazlying what has happened and injuries that both of them had. The Psychotherapist suggests it's about time that The Mother goes in a home for her safetly and others. Cutsaway to Chris and his friend going clubing and saying it's about time we take over the busiense as we are the new generation of gangsters. Tony sees Mother in the house of her injuries and she thinks she is going to die and being despressed and Tony does like this and says you are going in a home thats finally. Chris doesn't want to the stealing the truck anymore so his friend does it with other people and things go wrong by droping the gun on the floor and kills the truck driver, this is black humour. Mother at home does not like it at all. Tony has to deal with the problem of the driver being dead and the suits being stolen and says give it to Ungle Junior. The next scene is at school and Teacher car has been returned and looks new.
Next scene Tony is at Mother's house seeing family photos by a point of view shot, this makes him sad and having a guilty coniscenice putting his mother in a home, doesn't think it's right. Then at the lap dancers club one of the men from the start and end doesn't know how to work the phone. The day Tony had, he had enough and he explodes by hitting his man with the phone and knocking him out and walks off from the camera, that is the end of the episode so we are wondering what will happen next in Tony's life and of his problems.
The Editing keeps going back to Tony's house, Mob Busiense/lap dancer club, and of Tony's Mother.
The ending is open it has no close ending, as it goes onto the next episode following Tony's life and his next day and seeing how he will face his next problem. This intriges us to watch me and it has no real storie has there is mix of story lines put into one.

Script for Signal Camera Presentation
The Plot: The second of two beautiful women is murdered on a train, and the primary suspect is an amnesiac man. A psychologist, Dr. Eddie "Fitz" Fitzgerald, an old friend of the second victim, is brought in to help.
The Story: The Police have a serial killer on their hands. Two Women have been killed with their throats slit by what they believe is a razorblade. When they find a man unconscious on the side of the railway tracks covered in blood, some of which belonged to the second victim, they’re sure they have their man, but he claims complete memory loss. Psychologist Fritz Fitagerald knew the second victim and her parents ask him to intervene with the police. The back story is at Fritz home when his wife leaves because of his gambling been pushed over the limit on their credit cards and he also re-mortgaged the house.
Linear: There is no flashbacks, it is stick to present day, so we don’t see the actually crime that takes place, we are left with the police and Fritz to find out who and why as they develop as they go along and we follow them to that journey, as it is like a jigsaw puzzle.
Camera: At the start there is close up of Fritz with the phone hearing the horse race, camera zooms out to see Fritz's face, this was done because the camera revels slowly of  the main character’s face and identity, as we want to know who is our hero of the story.
Then the camera follows Fritz to his lecture of students, so we can follow him to his own world of his craft, which is psychologist, we enter in his world.
When Fritz throws them books in the air it is hand-held to capture the movements of Fritz’s hand then a rush to see the books flying in the air.
Once that was done the camera was still, focusing on Fritz standing and saying ‘End of lecture’ and he moves out of the shot, camera still in position and then in a coupe seconds he comes back in the shot, as this is to confuse us as the audience and the students saying what’s going on?
At the train scene we see a ticket inspector walking through the train carriage then camera moves slowly down to a low angle seeing his feet and empty cups, which shows it's a dirty/dump train shows it's grittiness of a crime drama and shows the city being bleak. Camera seeing his feet pointing at a compartment, then a quick shot a face of a young woman who is dead with blood all over. We only see a glimpse of the dead body as it contrast to the fast moving train as it goes back to Fritz lecture.    
Lighting: The lighting is gritty, grey, and dark and sometimes shadows giving that feel of a bleak and dark story also to see the puffs of smoking shrouding the characters.
Sound: At the start of opening credits we hear music of Piano Jazz music and a gambling horse race then we hear Fritz's voice saying 'Come on'. The music that Fritz loves and the music being sad and happy in some ways showing Fritz emotions and the sound of a horse race telling us that he likes to gamble.
In the Jazz club, the woman is singing a sad blues song, as the song sounds like it comes from the 30s or 50s that sort of era of detective films. The song still plays in the next shot of the police going to the victim’s parent’s house telling us this is a sad and dark scene and it keeps contrasting to Fritz and the police. The song stops when the parents enter in the murk and shuts the door seeing their daughter’s dead body complete silence till the mother says her line.   
Editing: The editing is fast pace because it keeps contrasting two characters, where we have Fritz giving a lecture of students then it cuts to the next part of the story of the crime scene on the train and the second character that is in charge, which is D.C.I Billborough. It does it again in the scene of the jazz club of the blues song contrasting to the scene of the D.C.I Billborough going to the victim’s parent’s house, then cuts back to Fritz in the jazz club and it cuts to the parents and the police in the car. We see two different characters; two different worlds as we wait to see each of them glide together.
Scripting: The script of the dialogue is punchy, dark, cashier, humorous and taking quotes from classic films of noir and gangsters. The characters are sarcastic to one another. This is high drama, emotional to Fritz, his family, the police and even the criminals.
Building a Scene: The scene at the lecture builds up as we see more of Fritz character seeing that he is off the wall by throwing those books, he shocks us and the students and confuse thinking why and what he is doing and saying to ourselves ‘is that it’, but there is more as he says it’s better to know the true person you are, then you how other people will feel and to know more of your dark side. Then cuts to the train of the body being discovered.
Building Story: Story builds up finding a man on the train track and the police think he killed the girl. The man lost his memory of what happened and doesn’t know who he is. The police think he is pretending to get an easy trial and prison senates.
Antihero: Fritz he is an antihero, you can like him and hate him. He has his falls e.g. He drinks, smokes, gambles and sometimes unfaithful to his wife and not a good father figure. He is sometimes not likeable from other people around him. He says what he thinks and admits of his faults and the dark side and what people not comfortable to say what they really think.  But he is clever what he does, which is criminal psychology. And he is overweight, his not the usual handsome hero, he is big and ugly but women still love him of his mind, heart and sense of humor.   
The setting/the city: The City is set in Manchester, and the series shows the dirtiness, the gritty places and the horrible places giving the feel of a hard gritty Crime Drama as in Noir and Detective films you usually get a big city full of crime e.g. in batman Gothorn City.
Lighting: In Noir films they have dark lighting and shadows sometimes same with Cracker but it’s like grey, bleak and dark with the cloths they wear and the places that take place everything is bleak and grey.
The music: The music is jazz, blues and sad music again in noir and detective films you usually get that sort of music because it fits and the mood of the episode which is dark and sad to the characters.
The good and the bad: We know as the audience who is the good and the bad, as the good is Fritz and the police and the bad is the criminal, like the good cowboy wearing the white hat and the bad cowboy wears the black hat. Sometimes with Fritz, his wife and the police you can dislike them sometimes not agreeing what they are doing. 
The ending open or close: At the end Fritz interviews the amnesic man and putting photos of the dead body on the table, to get guilt from him and to confess. During putting photos down he gives a word to him and he has to answer it from his head, like playing a game and drive him mad to confess. Fritz is says it's better to confess for the parents to relieve their minds from this terrible crime of their daughter’s death, again trying to make him guilty. The last line Fritz says to him is 'Please, Please', begging him to confess for the parents and it ends there with the credits and the Blues song again from the start, leaving it an open for part 2
The Plot: Tony having problems with his Mother near burned down her house, his son’s Teacher’s car has been stolen and brings it back for him to bust his son’s grades and his newtherep Chris who stolen DVD players causes problems.
The Story: Chris and his friend Brendan hijack a truck carrying DVD players, without realizing that Tony's Uncle Junior has been collecting protection money from the trucking company. Boss Jackie, who's getting weaker from his cancer treatments and looking for a replacement, decides that Chris and Brendan must pay a heavy restitution to Junior, a judgment that does not sit well with the pair. Deciding to buck Tony's authority, they plan another hijacking. Tony's mother, meanwhile, is growing less able to care for herself, almost burning her house down in one incident, and driving over her friend in another. After an angry confrontation, Tony finally faces the decision he's been dreading of finally placing her in a nursing home. At the same time, Tony Jr's teacher has his car stolen, so Tony decides to call in a favor to maybe help his son's sagging grades.
There is no true story as it all to do with Tony’s life and his problems that he can’t cope. There is three different stories going on and this surrounds Tony.
Linear: There are no flashbacks, as it set in present day and we follow the characters journey to see what will happen and how it will all be sorted out. In some episodes it is non-linear as we do get flashbacks of Tony’s life in the 60s of his father and mother, also dreams that mean something of the characters life. 
Camera: At the start of the episode we have Tony and his mob men counting the money on the table and watching the News of the TV about the Mob and the crime they do. Camera individly going through each characters point of view shots, over the shoulder and a close-up shot. The characters taking the Mick on the TV of the people and joking about it. Then the Camera Panes on Tony going through the door of the lap dancer's club to the phone.  
Lighting: The lighting At Tony’s house is natural and bright showing it’s a family, cozy and big house. The lighting at Tony’s business and lap dancers club, its dark lighting to present the mob crime and setting of the club.   
Sound: The sound is natural as to hear the characters lines clearly. The music as the feel of gangster with rock, jazz, soul and blues music like the image of Frank Sinatra and The Goodfelles and mean streets from Martin Scorsese’s films.
Editing: The Editing is fast pace, as it keeps cutting consular to Tony’s family house, the Mob Business/lap dancers club, Tony’s Mother and the therapy, analyzing what has happened in his life.      
Scripting: With the dialogue it has black humor; with the mob they talk street wise gangster talk/slang, Italian slang as well. The characters also take the Mick and being rude with each other and stabbing each others backs, don’t know who to trust. E.g. one of them might like to take the business and be the boss, steal each other with money and want them to get killed. 
Building a scene: During at Tony’s business at the lap dancers club he is on a phone to his mum, to see how she is doing and peaking each other, then Tony’s mum’s kitchen is set on fire and she starts to panic. Tony trying to calm her down and said call 991, this adds the comedy effect. Tony worried about her but also annoyed with her, as he has to deal with another problem, as the mum can’t look after herself.   
Building a story: The story builds up at Tony’s therapy, which he discusses his mother with Dr Melfi. He is feeling guilty about not being able to have his mother live with his family. Melfi tries to show him that his mother is a difficult person. Melfi finds out that he blames his wife for preventing his mother from living with them. Melfi pushes Tony to admit he has feelings of anger, even hatred, towards his Mother, but Tony digress with her saying that he loves him mother and saying to Melfi your wrong by that he storms out. 
The Boss: You can sometimes like Tony and hate him sometimes. He is an ugly character as being a gangster and his businesses, he is ruthless and gets what he wants, doesn’t care what other people think and of their feelings. He loves his money, which makes him greedy. He has killed people before and ordered his men to kill as well. He had many affairs, and his wife knew about it, but turns I blind eye. But he loves his family, loves his wife, son and daughter and he will do everything for them. He can be the nice guy only to his loyal friends and family, but he doesn’t always trust his friends so he trusts Chris, who is his newphere and treats him like a son. At the start of series 1 to 2 he think his not bad guy but then near the end of series, he gets darker and you see his true colours.
The Lighting: The lighting is sometimes dark and tells the mood of the scene, with gangster films or TV shows they are usually dark lighting and sometimes use noir of the shadows and make the characters darker and to be scared from, who you don’t want to mess with. In the Sopranos they sometimes light the mood of the environment not the characters showing it could be a nice neighborhood or a bleak, grim street. 
The Violence: The violence can be extreme and unexpected. With a lot of gangsters’ films and TV there is always violence with the gun, stabbing or using a base ball bat beating someone to death. The violence sometimes can be about business with money being gritty, or disliking the person, revenge or doing it for fun they don’t care and they like killing people for the thrill of it. 
The Music: The music is use a lot especially in gangster films and TV music like jazz, blues, soul and rock as it gives the hard edge of a gangster series showing them that they are tough and they growled up with this music.
Everyone’s a villain: Everyone is guilty and are not nice people, they break the law and they take what they want. No one is the hero; the only good and insolent people are Tony’s children and his psychologist. The wives of the gangsters take a blind eye and they know what they do for a leaving and don’t stop them doing it, as they care about the money and the luxuries they live in. Every gangster film and TV are the bad guys but we find them intriguing and we like their characters, we love the thrill of it.  
The ending open or close: Tony is at Mother's house seeing family photos by a point of view shot; this makes him sad and having a guilty conscience putting his mother in a home, doesn't think its right. Then at the lap dancers club one of the men from the start and end doesn't know how to work the phone. The day Tony had, he had enough and he explodes like a volcano, by hitting his man with the phone and knocking him out and walks off from the camera. That is the end of the episode so we are wondering what will happen next in Tony’s life and how he will face his problems. This makes the ending open.

Presentation for signal camera
https://docs.google.com/present/edit?id=0AUixoNHFGmoJZDVmbmZxZ18wZHNuZDd2ZG4&hl=en_US
Short Written Task
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1LD4xJXnFLnPbcXmEWU7p-eYAVw_-x56KUrHEe8fxSak/edit?hl=en_US#


Film Studies: Sergio Leone - Spaghetti Westerns research

Genre: Spaghetti Western is a sub-genre of Western films that emerged in the 1960s as Sergio Leone brought this new genre and made it unique and much copied film-making style as Quentin Taratino was inspired by Sergio Leone's films. Where in a documentary of Sergio Leone's last film 'Once Upon a Time in America' Quentin said "when ever I tell the cameraman to do a close-up in my films I say do a Sergio Leone close up". (Sergio Leone's style and in his films he does a lot of close-ups to the actors faces, hands to reach for the gun from his gun holster and to his eyes which is used a lot in Spaghetti Western films). The language in which the films were originally released was Italian as well and sound was invariably post-synched. It was also know a Spaghetti Western because of the director, the film crew and some of the actors were Italian also some of the location were in Italy but mostly were filmed in the desserts in Mexico and Span.
The Content analysis: The Spaghetti Western was well known for its typical themes of the Mexican Revolution often seen a leftist political perspective in films like 'A Bullet for the General' (1966) and Sergio Leone's 'A Fistful of Dynamite' or also known as 'Duck, You Sucker' (1971). Another theme that the spaghetti westerns are really well known for and the first western films to bring the theme was Revenge in films like 'Django' (1966) and Sergio Leone's 'For a few Dollars More' (The second film of 'The Dollars Trilogy' (1965). The other theme the genre sometimes uses the myth of the bounty hunter/bounty killer in films like Sergio Corbucci's 'The Great Silence' (1968) and again Sergio Leone's 'For a few Dollars More'. In most of Spaghetti Western films they were sometimes set in the border between Mexico and the Untied States in the film like 'A Fistful of Dollars' (The first film of 'The Dollars Trilogy' 1964).

Sergio Leone an Auteur: One of the most famous World Cinema Directors and the one who is the most well known director in Spaghetti Western films but also brought a unique style and gave it's grittiness in Western films as Leone changed Western films. Leone is famous in the genre because he is the one who gave it's style and set the pace and tone. He is the creator of the silent stranger in westerns like 'The Man with no Name' in The Dollars Trilogy and 'The Harmonica Man' in Once Upon a Time in the West. Leone is the one who discovered a mangy film star/actor who later became a director this was Clint Eastwood.
Sergio Leone changed Western films and his films are considered to be the best Westerns film ever made as he made his Western films of stylized feel and extreme violence as for its time it was very violent. The Spaghetti Western genre is very well known for its violence and Leone express violence throughout his films. Leone wanted to show how vile the people of his films were like the outlaws will be laughing and enjoying beating or torching or even killing someone which sometimes for no reasons. He even makes the hero only slightly less evil than the villains as they were known as anti-heroes which sometimes you can like them or hate them and in the films the hero wants to get for his own reason like money with the character 'The Man with No Name' who is a bounty hunter and wants money for his own need but he does like to do justice. There was a censorship problem in a scene in 'A Fistful of Dollars' where the Man with no name shoots it out with henchmen under the employment of the Baxters. In the scene Leone places the camera at the stranger's hip so we can see him shooting the henchmen from the point of view of his gun; this was against the rules back then to have the shot and the bullet hitting its target in the same shot which was too violent. Leone also increased the kill count as the films had a lot of shoot outs and people getting shot out as in the 1950s westerns like John Ford's westerns there was only the shootouts at the end also not a lot of killing. Amongst this, he filmed gruesome beatings from the heroes like 'the Man with No Name', and grotesquely disturbing massacres where in 'Once Upon Time in the West' a family who owned the land and building a town got massacred from paid men to take over their lands and the town as it is all to do with greed/blood money, even a teenage girl got killed and Henry Fonda a well-known star who usually places the hero, in this film he is the villain and he kills a young boy in cold blood with no grief out or. Leone added more action and less talk, as his films sometimes have no dialogue for like 10 minutes as the imagery, the sound, the music is more important and makes it more stylist and building up tension to the showdowns as Leone doesn't think there is no need for any dialogue in a showdown. Leone was bored of all the American Westerns and wanted to speed things up as his characters say more by saying less, instead they give looks, then they drew to fire their gun. 
Later on he added another hero so it wouldn't be just one hero but two or more as he/she becomes a partner to the main hero in his films like 'For a few Dollars More', 'Once upon Time in the West' and 'A Fistful of Dynamite'. But the addition of a new gunman not only adds more killing but a chance for Leone to closer examine relationships. Leone's heroes are always weary of each other. Never trusting each other and double crossing. When the film develops they form respect and sometimes trust, and they are closet when they are in shoot outs as it is when they do best, kill.
Leone's west is violent, cruel and treacherous as he once said "America sometimes scares me of its violence and the greediness also of their weapons (Nuclear weapons/Cold War) that is what I am trying to show in my films". His west is also epic, beautiful and like its landscapes and each time you see his films in order they get bigger and bigger. His west is where violence ruled, but it is not the violence that is so important. It is the tense quiet, slow waiting before the violence that is so exciting. The most important thing they used in the films was music that was made by Ennio Morricone as the music was striking and tense which creating tension in the films and makes them more memorable. As Sir Christopher Frayling says and describes the importance of the music “it took the Italians to show what House Opera really meant, as the spaghetti Western is an Opera of Violence". Where the beautiful music sets the tone. It’s the emotion of a scene is not achieved solely through imagery but through the music which truly captures emotion. 'Once upon Time in the West' is the best example of Leones West as it is a violent, long, dreamlike meditation upon the mythology of the American Old West. 

The Structuralism:
The Good, the Bad and the Ugly: In the final scene and the final showdown is where the three main characters will have to fight for the gold by having a gunfight duel meaning to have a showdown.
The setting is a graveyard where the gold is buried in one of the graves that is where the three main character depart from each other to have a showdown as all around them is the graves, the dead and death it self as this setting symbolism the showdown being death as one or two of them will die and be left or buried at the graveyard.
The script/the dialogue there is only a few lines with the character the Man with no name also known ‘the Good’ says “we will have to earn it” meaning they will have to have a showdown by killing each other  so one of them can have all the gold. After that there is no dialogue at or when ‘The Good’ places the stone with the name of the grave where the gold is buried in the middle of the showdown. The camera shots and the music tell us what is happening instead of saying it without any dialogue.  
The camera shots there are the long shots to see the three characters separating from each other to get a gun aim and to be ready to draw their guns. There is over the shoulder shots of each of them to see that they are looking each other and to see who will break first and draw their gun first this is to create tension but also to see that they are a part from each other. There are then mid shots to see their waist with the gun holster to see their guns. Then we see close-ups to their faces then their hands reaching and getting ready to draw their guns and close-ups to the eyes looking at each other wondering who is going to draw. Their body movements tell us the story with no dialogue.
The sound/the music make the scene more striking and tense as the music builds up to the showdown. The music near at the end makes the editing of the cutting shots quick and faster as the showdown is about to end with the final draw.
The editing is slow at the start of the showdown as the editing follows to beat of the music as it has just begun. But near to the end  the music gets faster and builds up more creating tension where editing also gets faster of the cuts to the faces and the hands to the guns.
This scene made the film unique but also shows that Sergio Leone is an auteur as the last showdown, the last gun duel this time not two cowboys, as in other western films there was always usually two cowboys have the final showdown but this time and this is what made ‘the good, the bad and the ugly’ so unique as the three characters the good, the bad and the ugly having the final showdown not two but three.  
Building up to the scene: The scene builds up with the close-ups and the long shots, the striking music and the long wait to draw their guns and with no dialogue, with all these elements the scene builds up tension and makes you grip to the edge of your seat, wondering what will happen, the scene makes us feel in tense.

Once Upon a Time in the West: In this scene is where we see a family get massacred from hired gun men. This shocks us and shows that the hired gun men are the villains but at first we see the daughter get shot as we hear the gun fire then the father runs to his daughter as the camera is fast moving and a bit shaky but he gets shot at, we still don’t see the gun men. The father is trying to reach for his gun but they shot him again this time kills him. Then older son gets shot after that we hear someone rushing out from the house as the young son who looks to be 7 or 8 then the striking music comes on and we see a long shot as the hired gun men comes out from hiding and moving slowly to the young son. Then slowly the camera swifts around to see the leader of the hired gun men as we see Frank’s face and the actor who plays that character is ‘Henry Fonda’ who is well known of playing heroes but this time he plays the villain where in an interview of Henry Fonda he said “Sergio Leone didn’t want me to wear fake brown eyes he wanted my blue eyes so the audience will shock to see me playing the villain saying ‘Oh my god it’s Henry Fonda!’ not believing that I could kill a family. The young son is staring at Frank and so is Frank is staring at the young son as there are close-ups then we here one of Frank’s men saying his name in front of the boy saying “what should we do with the boy, Frank?” Then Henry Fonda not saying anything for a while saying “now you have called me by name” then he takes his gun and kills the young son in cold blood meaning that boy knows his name and can identify him. At the time this would shock the audience seeing Henry Fonda killing a young boy and this shows the element of Spaghetti Westerns where there is massacres, this is one of the famous massacres. The music identifies the character of Frank as the music is a electric guitar playing which makes it striking and sinister as you can tell from the whole of the film that the music is for Frank.

A Fistful of Dollars: In this scene The man with no name walks and says to the coffin maker “make three coffins” then he walks to the men who shot at his mule for a joke and he wanted them to sorry to his mule but they start laughing this adds black humour but the man with no name is not laughing and it goes quite as they are about to draw their guns. When the man with no name draw his guns the camera shot is at his hip seeing the gun and the four men getting killed by the bullets in the same shot in them days that would have been wrong how to film that shot in westerns as this shows that Sergio Leone is an auteur. You would notice with all the shots that there close-ups to the faces and long shots to see the whole body. The man with no name walks to the coffin maker and says “My mistake four coffins” that added black humour.




Script: Sergio Leone’s Opera of Violence
Written By
James Grimley

  This picture will be the title page of the video. The title is ‘Sergio Leone’s Opera of Violence’.
At the start of the video there will be clips of famous quotes from ‘A Fistful of Dollars’ “My mistake four coffins”. Then Once Upon a Time in the West clip “You bought 2, too many” then ‘A Fistful of Dynamite “Duck your sucker!”
Photo of Sergio Leone during a voiceover
Narrator
‘This is Sergio Leone,  one of the most famous World Cinema Directors and the most well known director in Spaghetti Western films but also brought a unique style and gave it's grittiness in Western films as Leone changed the Western genre. He took the beautiful, poetic vision of John Ford and flipped it upside down, turning the Wild West into something weird, wonderful and unreal. Leone is famous in the genre because he is the one who gave its style and set the pace and tone. He is the creator of the silent stranger in westerns like 'The Man with no Name' in The Dollars Trilogy and 'The Harmonica Man' in Once Upon a Time in the West. Leone is the one who discovered a mangy film star/actor who later became a director this was Clint Eastwood. Clint Eastwood once said “Sergio’s Films changed the style of the western – they operacized them”. Action movies would never be the same again.  

Text saying ‘The Genre’ with the title picture. During the narration there be trailer clips from spaghetti western films.
Narrator
‘Spaghetti Western is a sub-genre of Western films that emerged in the 1960s as Sergio Leone brought this new genre and made it unique. The language in which the films were originally released was Italian as well and sound was invariably post-synched. It was also know a Spaghetti Western because of the director, the film crew and some of the actors were Italian also some of the location were in Italy but mostly were filmed in the desserts in Mexico and Span’.
Text saying ‘The content’ with the title picture. During the narration there are clips from spaghetti western films and posters from the films.
 Narrator
The Spaghetti Western was well known for its typical themes of the Mexican Revolution often seen a leftist political perspective in films like 'A Bullet for the General'  and Sergio Leone's 'A Fistful of Dynamite' or also known as 'Duck, You Sucker'. Another theme that the spaghetti westerns are really well known for and the first western films to bring the theme was Revenge in films like 'Django' and Sergio Leone's 'For a few Dollars More' (The second film of 'The Dollars Trilogy'). The other theme the genre sometimes uses the myth of the bounty hunter/bounty killer in films like Sergio Corbucci's 'The Great Silence' and again Sergio Leone's 'For a few Dollars More'. In most of Spaghetti Western films they were sometimes set in the border between Mexico and the Untied States in the film like 'A Fistful of Dollars' (The first film of 'The Dollars Trilogy')’.

Text saying ‘Sergio Leone an auteur’. During Narration there will be pictures and photos of Sergio Leone directing his films.
Narrator
‘Sergio Leone is considered to be an auteur because his Western films had a stylized feel and extreme violence as for its time it was very violent. The Spaghetti Western genre is very well known for its violence and Leone express violence throughout his films. Leone wanted to show how vile the people of his films were like the outlaws will be laughing and enjoying beating or torching or even killing someone which sometimes for no reasons. He even makes the hero only slightly less evil than the villains as they were known as anti-heroes which sometimes you can like them or hate them and in the films the hero wants to get for his own reason like money with the character 'The Man with No Name' who is a bounty hunter and wants money for his own need but he does like to do justice’.
A clip from ‘A Fistful of Dollars’.
Narrator
‘Watch this scene from ‘A Fistful of Dollars’. There was a censorship problem in this scene in where the Man with no name played by Clint Eastwood shoots it out with henchmen under the employment of the Baxters. In the scene Leone places the camera at the stranger's hip so we can see him shooting the henchmen from the point of view of his gun; this was against the rules back then to have the shot and the bullet hitting its target in the same shot which was too violent. That shot was different and unique and never had done before this tells us that Leone is an auteur’.  
More photos of Sergio Leone
Narrator
‘Leone added more action and less talk, as his films sometimes have no dialogue for like 10 minutes as the imagery, the sound, the music is more important and makes it more stylist and building up tension to the showdowns as Leone doesn't think there is no need for any dialogue in a showdown. Leone was bored of all the American Westerns and wanted to speed things up as his characters say more by saying less, instead they give looks, then they drew to fire their gun.  Leone also increased the kill count; he filmed gruesome beatings and grotesquely disturbing massacres. Later on he added another hero so it wouldn't be just one hero but two or more as he or she becomes a partner to the main hero in his films’.
‘The most important thing they used in the films was music that was made by Ennio Morricone as the music was striking and tense which creating tension in the films and makes them more memorable. As Sir Christopher Frayling says and describes the importance of the music “it took the Italians to show what House Opera really meant, as the spaghetti Western is an Opera of Violence". Where the beautiful music sets the tone. It’s the emotion of a scene is not achieved solely through imagery but through the music which truly captures emotion’.

A text saying ‘The Structuralism’ with the title page. Then a clip of the final showdown of ‘The Good, the Bad and the Ugly’.
Narrator
‘Watch this scene in ‘The Good, the Bad and the Ugly’ The setting is a graveyard where the gold is buried in one of the graves that is where the three main character depart from each other to have a showdown as all around them is the graves, the dead and death it self as this setting symbolism the showdown being death as one or two of them will die and be left or buried at the graveyard.
The camera shots and the music tell us what is happening instead of saying it without any dialogue.  
The camera shots there are the long shots to see the three characters separating from each other to get a gun aim and to be ready to draw their guns. There is over the shoulder shots of each of them to see that they are looking each other and to see who will break first and draw their gun first this is to create tension but also to see that they are a part from each other. There are then mid shots to see their waist with the gun holster to see their guns. Then we see close-ups to their faces then their hands reaching and getting ready to draw their guns and close-ups to the eyes looking at each other wondering who is going to draw. Their body movements tell us the story with no dialogue.
The sound/the music make the scene more striking and tense as the music builds up to the showdown. The music near at the end makes the editing of the cutting shots quick and faster as the showdown is about to end with the final draw.
The editing is slow at the start of the showdown as the editing follows to beat of the music as it has just begun. But near to the end  the music gets faster and builds up more creating tension where editing also gets faster of the cuts to the faces and the hands to the guns.
This scene made the film unique but also shows that Sergio Leone is an auteur as the last showdown, this time not two cowboys, as in other western films there was always usually two cowboys have the final showdown but this time and this is what made ‘the good, the bad and the ugly’ so unique as the three characters the good, the bad and the ugly having the final showdown not two but three.  
Building up to the scene: The scene builds up with the close-ups and the long shots, the striking music and the long wait to draw their guns and with no dialogue, with all these elements the scene builds up tension and makes you grip to the edge of your seat, wondering what will happen, the scene makes us feel in tense’.
Watch this scene in ‘Once Upon a Time in the West’ where we see a family get massacred from hired gun men. This shocks us and shows that the hired gun men are the villains but at first we see the daughter get shot as we hear the gun fire then the father runs to his daughter as the camera is fast moving and a bit shaky but he gets shot at, we still don’t see the gun men. The father is trying to reach for his gun but they shot him again this time kills him. Then older son gets shot after that we hear someone rushing out from the house as the young son who looks to be 7 or 8 then the striking music comes on and we see a long shot as the hired gun men comes out from hiding and moving slowly to the young son. Then slowly the camera swifts around to see the leader of the hired gun men as we see Frank’s face and the actor who plays that character is ‘Henry Fonda’ who is well known of playing heroes but this time he plays the villain where in an interview of Henry Fonda he said “Sergio Leone didn’t want me to wear fake brown eyes he wanted my blue eyes so the audience will be shock to see me playing the villain saying ‘Oh my god it’s Henry Fonda!’ not believing that I could kill a family”. The young son is staring at Frank and so is Frank is staring at the young son as there are close-ups then we hear one of Frank’s men saying his name in front of the boy saying “what should we do with the boy, Frank?” Then Henry Fonda not saying anything for a while saying “now you have called me by name” then he takes his gun and kills the young son in cold blood, this shows the element of Spaghetti Westerns where there is massacres, this is one of the famous massacres. The music identifies the character of Frank as the music is an electric guitar playing which makes it striking and sinister as you can tell from the whole of the film that the music is for Frank’.

Final I will have more photos of Sergio Leone and his films during the narration.
Narrator
‘Leone's west is violent, cruel and treacherous as he once said "I can’t see America any other way than with a European’s eyes; it fascinates me and terrifies me at the same time". His west is also epic, beautiful and like its landscapes and each time you see his films in order they get bigger and bigger. His west is where violence ruled, but it is not the violence that is so important. It is the tense quiet, slow waiting before the violence that is so exciting’.
With the credit from ‘The Good, the Bad and the ugly’ saying THE END
THE END

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Essay Research
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1p0MA18PRC65y5zCNu8WOvZZvyr5rGn2TkDkyEyXk5uo/edit?hl=en_US

Essay Evaluation
https://docs.google.com/present/edit?id=0AUixoNHFGmoJZDVmbmZxZ18yMmY2dDhjZGZ2&hl=en_US

Old Films for New Essay
https://docs.google.com/document/d/10CRtvJO-JMcPGtG38lsh0hE-GuoGimRZAwkwJLQ9CB0/edit?hl=en_US

Factual Production Research
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ps6qtIs3ZOErXuC4DkwOxLhooQVm-Hdf1ZSATLXSo_M/edit?hl=en_US


Factual Production Research

Michael Moore’s Fahrenheit 9/11
The Issues:
Accuracy: There is accuracy in the documentary for example 1: it shows archive footage of American News telling about 9/11, George Bush complain and the election footage.

There is proof from the footage of a courtroom about Black Americans complaining about that they did vote and now their votes don’t count because it hasn’t been signed from the Senators, but in Law if it hasn’t been signed then their votes do not count. But Michael Moore believes that George Bush had to do something with it, but it’s only a theory so it might not be accurate.

  
 There is amateur and News footage saying the attack and the sounds of people screaming also people’s faces saying them being afraid and crying over the people that died.

 There are documents of George Bush’s military service record and documents of bills and money being paid from weapons for war. There are telegraphs showing on the News of George Bush’s popularity from the American people, which is low and shows footage of people throwing eggs at his car and booing at him when he became the President as people say he cheated and they didn’t vote for him to be the president.  

 A lot of the facts are true as we get interviews from a FBI agent, Senators, Soldiers serving in Iraq, Reporters, Soldier’s Parents, and authors of books that know the subject of George Bush, 9/11, the Iraq war and News creating fear of terrorists attacks from the public as it’s been controlled by the Government.


Balance: There isn’t any balance as we get all the bad points of George Bush and we only get one theory as Michael Moore believes that theory, he doesn’t shows others as there are many different theories of 9/11, George Bush and the Iraq War.

 Michael Moore doesn’t cover any good points on George Bush of his election, doesn’t tell us if he had any votes, not giving any facts of his votes. No interviews of the people that like and voted for George Bush

 No interviews of George Bush’s friends and no other points of views of believing for George Bush. That showing any other theories of the 9/11 attack and that telling for the reasons why Bin Laden is to believed that he is the one who attacked it as Michael Moore only covers a theory of Bin Laden not being supposable for 9/11.

 Michael Moore also doesn’t tell about the facts and any footage of Iraq terrorists attacking America or fighting in Iraq. Michael Moore only portrays America Soldiers attacking and killing insolent Iraq people, but he doesn’t portray the Iraq people attacking them.

Subjectivity: The documentary is not objectivity, it is subjectivity as we know as the audience that this Michael Moore’s view and opinion what really happened as he is a strong believer and hates George Bush and of his policies and the Iraq War. So Michael has a gender of this documentary as he just shows that one theory of 9/11 which he believes and wants us as the audience to believe it as well. This is personal to him and having strong views of it and against George Bush also Moore manures at the start about a friend colleague that died from 9/11 attack, so this tells us it is personal and during the whole documentary he is against and tells us all the bad points of George Bush not getting the right people who was supposable of 9/11. In the documentary where George Bush is reading with the school children and been told from one of his men saying ‘America has been attacked’, a voice over of Moore giving us different thoughts of what Bush could have been thinking about in them 7 minutes all of the thoughts are guilty ones but even Moore does know what he was thinking.   

Opinion: There are many opinions in the documentary for Example: Again back to George Bush being at the school when he finds out about the 9/11 attack it is all opinion of the voiceover of Michael Moore saying what he was thinking has he is not George Bush.

 The interviews of the soldiers in Iraq, Senators, FBI Agent, Reporters and people from the government it’s all opinion as we don’t know if it’s true or not, it’s all matter of opinion so we can not rely on it being true as we don’t see the opposite opinions on the side of George Bush.

Representation: There are stereotypes in the documentary where we have the black people being poor, not having any power and control like in the scene of the courtroom their votes don’t count, like being back from the slavery where no blacks had any rights not even to vote. George Bush, his friends, News reporters all look smart and not revelling the truth and look powerful. The Iraq’s being stereotypes from 9/11 has terrorists and a different religion. Other stereotypes are that the poor kids we have to join in the army and fight in Iraq to have an education and money but for the rich their sons and daughters don’t go as they have the money and the rich parents don’t want them to go to fight as the recruitment goes for the poor kids.

Access: Michael Moore had access to have the interviews with the 9/11 victims, FBI Agent, Senators, Courtroom, access to archive footage of 9/11, the News and George Bush, he also had access to the documents of Bush’s military service record and the bills of money paying for weapons for the Iraq War.

Privacy: Michael Moore was filming near by a government building of an ambassador. The Secret Service went and talks to Moore what he was doing and what is he filming. Moore says his doing a documentary. They were make sure and don’t want Moore to film at the building that’s to do with privacy.    

There another example in the documentary where Michael Moore tries to enlist the government men to put their sons and daughters in the Iraq but most of them walked off and didn’t want to be interviewed from Moore this is also privacy.

Contract with viewer: We are the viewer questions about Iraq War and if Iraq and Bin Laden was supposable of the 9/11 attack. We also question about George Bush being the President and if he should be trusted or not as we think is Bush blaming on the wrong people? We argue about the subject as to believe these theories not knowing if it’s true or not as Michael Moore gives his believe but no other as we don’t get any other opinions about 9/11, Bin Laden and George Bush.

Factual Production Chapter

Factual Codes and Conventions

Codes and Conventions Presentation

Interactive Media Report

Bums on Seats - Article: Harry Brown

Questionnaire Qaulitative Audience Research










Questionnaire Qaulitative Research statistics

Critical Approaches Short Report

Critical Approaches 2 - Empire Magazine Research

Critical Approaches 2 - Short Report

Violence on Screen - Secondary Research

Violence on Screen - Questionnaires

Violence on Screen Article

Film Review - Secondary Research

Film Review Vertigo